“Cleaning Appliance”

专利摘要:
patent summary for: "brushless motor and wiper". a brushless motor comprises: a stator 21 with armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c; a rotor 22 which is rotated by a rotating magnetic field; and a switching element 30a, wherein the brushless motor has a rotation number control unit 33, which switches between low speed and high speed mode, where in low speed mode the rotation number 33 supplies current to armature coils 21a, 21b, 21c at the predetermined turn-on time and controls one gear factor to control rotor rotation number 22, and in high speed mode, the rotor control unit rotation number 33 provides current to armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c at advanced power up time from power up time to low speed mode, thereby performing field weakening control to weaken the rotating magnetic field at from that of low speed mode to control the rotor number 22.
公开号:BR112014025606B1
申请号:R112014025606-3
申请日:2013-04-16
公开日:2018-03-13
发明作者:Kimura Masaaki；Tanaka Hiroto；Iwasaki Tamotsu；Annaka Tomohiko；Kojima Naoki；Kitazawa Junya
申请人:Mitsuba Corporation；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

(54) Title: CLEANING DEVICE (51) Int.CI .: H02P 6/08; B60S 1/08; H02K 11/00 (30) Unionist Priority: 16/04/2012 JP 2012-092882, 26/02/2013 JP 2013-036019 (73) Holder (s): MITSUBA CORPORATION (72) Inventor (s): MASAAKI KIMURA; HIROTO TANAKA; TAMOTSU IWASAKI; TOMOHIKO ANNAKA; NAOKI KOJIMA; JUNYA KITAZAWA
1/80
Invention Patent Descriptive Report for: “MOTOR WITHOUT
BRUSHES AND CLEANING DEVICE ”.
TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a brushless motor that includes: a rotor mounted with permanent magnets; and a stator with an armature coil, and a windshield wiper motor.
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE TECHNIQUE [0002] Conventionally, examples of an engine, in which the rotor rotation number is switchable are disclosed in Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3. The engine described in
Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a wrap, a magnet accommodated in the wrap, a armature provided rotatably inside the wrap and which has a coil wound around it, an axis that rotates integrally with the armature, a switch provided for the shaft , and a high speed operating brush and a low speed operating brush, each of which is in contact with the commutator.
When a driver operates a switch to select low speed drive, current flows through the low speed operating brush to cause the shaft to rotate at a low speed number. On the other hand, when the driver drives the switch to select high speed drive, a current flows through the
2/80 high speed operating brush to make the shaft rotate at a high speed.
[0003] On the other hand, the engine described in Patent Document 3 has an annular stator attached to the inner surface of a breech housing and having a plurality of armature coils wound around it, a rotor rotating located inside of the stator and that has a rotation axis, and a magnet provided for the rotation axis. In the motor described in this patent document 3, different magnetization currents in phase from each other are provided for the plurality of armature coils to generate a rotating magnetic field, thus causing the rotor to rotate. In addition, the engine described in
Patent Document 3 does not have brushes that are described in
Patent Documents 1 and 2.
TECHNICAL STATE DOCUMENTS
Patent Documents [0004] Patent Document 1: Publication of Japanese Patent Application Open to the Public No. 2007-202,391 [0005] Patent Document 2: Publication of Japanese Patent Application Open to the Public No. 2007-143278 [0006] Patent Document 3: Publication of Japanese Patent Application Open to the Public No. 2010-93,977 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be solved by the invention
3/80 [0007] Each of the motors described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 is provided with a switching element, which controls the time of supply of a current to the armature coil, regardless of whether it is a brushless motor. And, the rotor rotation number is controlled by changing a gear factor for ON / OFF control of the switching element. Thus, the composition of the engine has been designed so that the rotor can be rotated at high speed, and control is carried out in which a gear factor when the rotor is rotated at a low speed number is decreased, compared to a factor speed when the rotor is turned at a high speed number. Therefore, the composition of the motor is designed with reference to the case in which the rotor is rotated at a high rotation number, thus posing a problem of increasing the composition.
[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a brushless motor and the cleaner apparatus with the composition capable of being reduced as much as possible.
Means for solving problems [0009] A brushless motor according to the present invention comprises: a stator having an armature coil to which a current is supplied; a rotor that is rotated by a rotating magnetic field formed by the armature coil and is connected to an operating member; and a switching element provided on a route for supplying current to the
4/80 armature coil, in which the brushless motor has a speed number control unit that controls a rotor speed number with at least two different control modes in the rotor speed number between them, and when a first control mode is selected from among the control modes, the speed number control unit supplies the current to the armature coil at a predetermined energization time and controls a gear factor indicating an ON ratio of the switching element to control the rotation number of the rotor and, when a second control mode is selected from among the control modes, the rotation number control unit supplies the current to the armature coil in advance energizing time from the energizing time to the first control mode, thus carrying out the field weakening control to weaken the rotating magnetic field formed by the armature coil in relation to a mag field rotary sensor for the first control mode to control the rotor rotation number.
[00010] The brushless motor according to the present invention can further comprise a speed reduction mechanism provided in a path of transmission of drive energy from the rotor to the operating member, wherein the speed reduction mechanism has a structure of
5/80 a reduction of an output rotation number in relation to an input rotation number.
[00011] The brushless motor according to the present invention can further comprise a direction of rotation control unit that rotates the rotor back and forth when changing a direction of the current to be supplied to the armature coil.
[00012] In the brushless motor according to the present invention, a control plate can be provided having the speed control unit, and the speed reduction mechanism and the control plate can be accommodated in a common housing .
[00013] A cleaning device comprises: a cleaning arm that is an operating member for cleaning a vehicle windshield, where the cleaning arm is connected to the brushless motor rotor according to any of the above inventions. gifts.
[00014] In the cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, a sensor magnet and a rotation number sensor, the sensor magnet rotating integrally with the rotor, and the sensor of the rotation number emitting a signal according to a change in a magnetic pole of the sensor magnet when the rotor rotates, and when field weakening control is performed, the rotational number control unit controls the rotor rotation number by means of the
6/80 detection of the rotor rotation number based on a signal coming from the rotation number sensor, and the advance of the coil energization time induced by an electrical angle of 30 degrees.
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION [00015] According to the present invention (claim 1), the classification of the brushless motor is determined with reference to the rotor rotation number in the first control mode, and the rotor rotation number in the second control mode. control can be obtained by controlling the field weakening. Therefore, the brushless motor can be reduced in size as much as possible.
[00016] According to the present invention (claim 2), the speed reduction mechanism can control the number of rotor rotation, and amplify the output torque in relation to the input torque.
[00017] According to the present invention (claim 3), the rotor can be rotated inversely by switching the direction of a current flowing through the armature coil.
[00018] According to the present invention (claim 4), since the speed reduction mechanism and the control plate are accommodated in the common housing, the brushless motor can be reduced in size, and is
7/80 possible to improve the disposition ability when the brushless motor is mounted on a target subject.
[00019] According to the present invention (claim 5), the vehicle windshield can be cleaned by transmitting power from the brushless motor rotor drive to the wiper arm to operate the wiper arm.
[00020] According to the present invention (claim 6), when field weakening control is performed, the rotor rotation number can be controlled by detecting the rotor rotation number based on a sensor signal of the rotation number, and the advance of the energization time for the armature coil by an electrical angle of 30 degrees.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [00021] FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example in which a brushless motor according to the present invention is applied to a vehicle cleaner;
[00022] FIG. 2 is an external view showing the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00023] FIG. 3 is a bottom view showing the brushless motor according to the present invention, with an inner liner removed;
8/80 [00024] FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a brushless motor control system in accordance with the present invention;
[00025] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between the number of revolutions and the torque in the brushless motor;
[00026] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between the number of rotation and the angle of advance of the brushless motor;
[00027] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between the lead angle and the efficiency of the brushless motor; [00028] FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing another example in which a brushless motor according to the present invention is applied to a vehicle cleaner;
[00029] FIG. 9 is an external view showing the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00030] FIG. 10 is a bottom view showing the brushless motor according to the present invention, with an inner liner removed;
[00031] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a brushless motor control system in accordance with the present invention;
[00032] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the characteristics of the brushless motor according to the present invention;
9/80 [00033] FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing yet another example in which a brushless motor according to the present invention is applied to a vehicle cleaner;
[00034] FIG. 14 is an external view showing the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00035] FIG. 15 is a bottom view showing the brushless motor according to the present invention, with an inner liner removed;
[00036] FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a brushless motor control system in accordance with the present invention;
[00037] FIGS. 17A to 17C are diagrams showing examples of first and second controls that are performed by the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00038] FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00039] FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a relationship between the characteristics and the electrical angle of the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00040] FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of control, which is performed based on an angle of
10/80 operation of the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00041] FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of control, which is performed based on the number of rotation of the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00042] FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of control, which is carried out based on time in the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00043] FIGS. 23A and 23B are the lists showing examples of first and second controls that are performed by the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00044] FIGS. 24A and 24B are sectional views showing examples of a rotor structure for the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00045] FIG. 25 is a schematic view showing an example of the relationship between the rotor and the stator in the brushless motor according to the present invention;
[00046] FIG. 26 is a schematic view showing another example of the relationship between the rotor and the stator in the brushless motor according to the present invention; and [00047] FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the brushless motor according to the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
11/80 [00048] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. A vehicle 10, shown in FIG. 1 has a windshield
11. Vehicle 10 also has a wiper 12 for cleaning the windshield 11. Wiper 12 has: a wiper arm 14, which swings on a pivot axis 13; and a wiper arm 16 that swings on a pivot axis 15.
A wiper blade 17 is mounted on the free end of the wiper arm 14, and a wiper blade 18 is mounted on the free end of the wiper arm 16. The wiper device 12 also has a brushless motor 19 as the drive power source for driving from the wiper arms 14 and 16 In this embodiment, the drive energy of the brushless motor 19 is transmitted to the wiper arms and 16 via a drive energy transmission mechanism 20 composed of parts such as levers and joints.
[00049] The brushless motor 19 is constructed as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. A four-pole three-phase brushless motor 19 is used as the brushless motor 19 in this embodiment. The brushless motor 19 has a stator 21 and a rotor 22. The brushless motor 19 also has a cylindrical wrap with the closed end 23, and the stator 21 is provided and fixed to the inner periphery of the wrap 23. As shown in FIG . 4, stator 21 has three
12/80 phases, specifically U, V, and Armature coils
W 21a, 21b, and 21c. The rotor 22 is provided inside the stator 21, and the rotor 22 has: an axis of rotation 22a; and four-pole permanent magnets 22b mounted on the axis of rotation
22a. A plurality of shaft bearings (not shown) is provided within the casing 23, and the axis of rotation 22a is rotatably supported by the bearings.
[00050] Furthermore, the brushless motor 19 also has a hollow frame 24, and the frame 24 and the wrap 23 are fixed by a gripping component (not shown).
Substantially half of the rotary axis 22a in a length direction is located inside the casing 23, and the remainder of the rotation axis 22a is located inside the structure 24. An endless screw 22c is formed on the outer periphery of the said part of the axis of rotation 22a, inside the casing 23. The worm wheel 25 is provided inside the frame 24. A gear 25a is formed on the outer periphery of the worm wheel 25, and the gear 25a and the endless screw
22c are involved with each other. In addition, a sensor magnet 38 is mounted on said remaining part of the rotation axis 22a, located inside the frame 24. The sensor magnet 38 rotates integrally with the rotation axis 22a. The sensor magnet 38 is magnetized so that the poles N and
13/80 poles S are alternately arranged along a circumferential direction of the rotary axis 22a.
[00051] In addition, the worm wheel 25 is configured to rotate integrally with an output shaft 26.
The worm 22c and the gear 25a collectively constitute a speed reduction mechanism 27 in this embodiment. This speed reduction mechanism is a mechanism for reducing the number of rotation of the output shaft 26 (the number of output rotation) in relation to the number of rotation of the (input rotation number) of the rotor
22, when the drive energy of the rotor 22 is transmitted to the output shaft 26. In addition, in FIG. 2, an upper part of the frame 24 is provided with an axis hole (not shown). The worm wheel 25 is attached to an end portion of the output shaft 26, the other end portion of the output shaft 26 is exposed outwardly through the shaft hole of the frame 24, and coupled to the drive mechanism drive power 20, as shown in FIG. 1.
[00052] An opening 24a is provided to the part on the opposite side of the structure 24 from the shaft hole.
This opening 24a is formed in order to install the worm wheel 25, and the like, on the frame 24. In addition, an inner liner 28 for closing the opening 24a is provided for the framework 24. The inner liner 28
14/80 has a tray shape, and a control plate 29 is provided in a space surrounded by the inner lining and the frame 24. An example where the control plate 29 is mounted on the inner lining 28 is shown in
FIG. 2.
[00053] As shown in FIG. 4, this control board 29 is provided with a drive device 33 to control the brushless motor 19. Drive device 33 has an inverter circuit 30 for the energization control for each of the armature coils 21a, 21b, and
21c. Inverter circuit 30 is connected to a terminal (not shown). The frame 24 is provided with a connector (not shown), and by inserting a socket (not shown) of an electrical wire connected to an external electrical source 31 into the connector, the external electrical source 31 and the inverter circuit 30 is connected to each other. The external electrical power source 31 is a battery, capacitor or the like mounted on the vehicle 10.
[00054] In addition, the inverter circuit 30 is provided with a switching element 30a to connect the armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c to the external electrical source
31, and disconnecting them from the external power source 31 30 ^a . This switching element consists of, for example, a semiconductor device, such as a FET.
More specifically, switching element 30a includes three
15/80 switching elements on the positive side corresponding to phases U, V, and W and connected to the positive pole of the external power source 31, and three switching elements on the negative side corresponding to phases U, V, and W and connected to the negative side of the external power source 31.
When switching element 30a is connected (ON), current is supplied from the external electrical power source 31 to armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c. In contrast, when switching element 30a is interrupted (OFF), current is not supplied by the external electrical source 31 of the armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c.
In addition, a control circuit (controller) 32 which has a switching control function between ON and OFF of the switching element 30a is connected to the inverter circuit 30.
[00055] This control circuit 32 is a known microcomputer, including CPU, RAM, ROM, and the like. The drive device 33 also has a PWM signal generator circuit 34, and a signal from the PWM signal generator circuit 34 is fed into control circuit 32. This control circuit 32 emits a drive signal to control three elements of negative side switching, and a PWM signal is superimposed on this trigger signal. That is, the three negative side switching elements are driven by PWM control, so that they are
16/80 intermittently switched on each energization time period. And by controlling a ratio in which the three negative side switching elements are separately connected, that is, a travel factor, the current to be supplied to each of the armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c can be controlled.
That is, the energization time period in which electrical power is supplied to the armature coils 21a, 21b, and
21c can be increased and decreased, between 0% and 100% over a total energizable time period. In addition, the control circuit 32 has stored data, program, etc., for the control to be carried out at the start time of the brushless motor 19. The start time of the brushless motor 19 is an initial motor rotation time. brushless 19 in a standstill.
[00056] In addition, an induced voltage detection unit 35 is connected to an unconnected end of the wire of each of the armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c. The induced voltage detection unit 35 is a sensor that detects an induced voltage occurring in each of the armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c, in association with the rotation of the rotor 22, and a detection signal from the induced voltage detection 35 is inserted for control circuit 32. Control circuit 32 performs a process of estimating a rotational position of rotor 22 (a phase in a direction of rotation) based on the detection signal,
17/80 introduced from the induced voltage detection unit 3 5.
[00057] In addition, the brushless motor 19 in this embodiment performs the change of control between ON and
OFF of switching element 30a to reverse the energizing direction with respect to the armature coils
21a, 21b, and 21c, thus allowing rotor 22 to rotate back and forth.
[00058] In addition, an output shaft sensor 36, which detects at least one of the rotation number and an absolute position of the output shaft 26, is provided inside the structure 24. The absolute position means an angle of rotation of the output shaft 26 with respect to a reference position. The reference position can be determined at any position within the 360 degree range. A detection signal from that sensor of the output shaft 36 is introduced in the control circuit 32. In addition, a Hall
IC 39 is mounted on control board 29. Hall IC 39 is fixed so that it faces the magnet of sensor 38 in a non-contact form. With the rotation of the rotor 22, Hall IC 39 performs a switching operation, with a magnetic pole change of the sensor magnet 38, generating a switching signal (a signal
ON OFF). The control circuit 32 can detect the rotation number (rotation speed) of the rotor 22, based on the switching signal of Hall IC 39. In addition, a
18/80 wiper switch 37 is provided inside the vehicle
10, and an operation signal from the wiper switch
37, is introduced in the control circuit 32.
[00059] In wiper apparatus 12, wiper switch 37 is operated by a driver's intention based on conditions such as the amount of rain, the amount of snowfall, etc., thus allowing the speed of cleaning the arms wiper 14 and 16 is changed. When the amount of rain or amount of snowfall is small, the driver can operate the wiper switch 37 to select a low speed cleaning mode to cause wiper arms 14 and 16 to operate at a predetermined low speed. In contrast, when the amount of rain or amount of snow is large, the driver can operate the wiper switch 37 to select a high-speed cleaning mode to cause wiper arms 14 and 16 to operate at speed higher than the low speed. The driver determines whether the amount of rain or the amount of snowfall is large or small, based on his personal point of view, and there is no criterion to distinguish whether the amount is large or small.
And, patterns, data, arithmetic expressions, etc., referring to the low speed cleaning mode and the high speed cleaning mode are stored in advance in the control circuit 32 to control the switching element 30a.
19/80 [00060] Next, the control over the brushless motor 19 in this embodiment will be described below. When the wiper switch 37 is operated to select the low speed mode, the detection signal from the induced voltage detection unit 35 is fed into control circuit 32 as a function of the detection signal from the voltage detection unit. induced tension
35, circuit control 32 estimates of a rotation position (an angle in a direction of rotation) of the rotor 22, and performs the energization control based on the rotation position of the rotor 22. That is, the switching elements on the side positive are sequentially connected by an electrical angle of 120 degrees, and the switching elements on the negative side with a phase different from that of the positive side switching elements are sequentially connected by an electrical angle of 120 degrees, thus switching the energization of the coils of induced 21a, 21b, and 21c of the respective phases to switch the phase current.
[00061] With the repetition of the command described above, a rotating magnetic field is formed by the stator 21 to rotate the rotor 22. In addition, the brushless motor 19 has a characteristic in which the number of rotation increases as the value of current increases. In addition, the brushless motor 19 has a feature in which the torque decreases as the number of revolutions increases. When the
20/80 low speed cleaning is selected, the travel factor control is done without carrying out the field weakening control, thus holding the actual rotation number of rotor 22 close to the required rotation number. In addition, when low speed cleaning mode is selected, a predetermined fixed value is used for the energization time for each of the armature coils 21a,
21b, and 21c.
[00062] On the other hand, when the high speed cleaning mode is selected, the field weakening control is carried out without modifying the current to be supplied to the armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c. The term field weakening control is intended to mean as much as possible weakening control of the magnetic field, which is formed by a current supply to the armature coil 21a, 21b, and 21c. As will be described below, specifically, the field weakening control is the control of the advance time of the armature coils energization 21a, 21b, and 21c by 30 degrees (advance phase) in comparison with that of the cleaning mode of low speed. That is, when the high speed cleaning mode is selected, the rotating magnetic field formed by the armature coils 21a, 21b, and 21c is weaker than the rotating magnetic field formed by the armature coils.
21a, 21b, and 21c in low speed cleaning mode.
21/80
When this field weakening command is executed, a retro-electromotive force on the armature coils 21a,
21b, and 21c is reduced, and the rotor rotation number 22 is increased. At a lead angle, a relative relationship between the armature coils and the permanent magnets in the direction of rotation of the rotor 22, is represented by an electrical angle.
[00063] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the brushless motor 19. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis is the rotation number of the brushless motor 19, and the horizontal axis is the torque of the brushless motor 19. In addition, a dashed line shown in FIG. 5 is an example of a low speed feature corresponding to the low speed cleaning mode, and a continuous line shown in FIG. 5 is an example of a high speed feature corresponding to the high speed cleaning mode.
[00064] In the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment, in order to define its classification, there is a configuration characteristic in, for example, a position indicated by the continuous line, in order to obtain the number of rotation and torque corresponding to the low speed characteristic of FIG. 5. Therefore, when the low speed cleaning mode is selected by an operation of the wiper switch 37, the rotation number and torque,
22/80 required can be obtained within a range equal to or less than the configuration characteristic.
[00065] In contrast, when the high speed cleaning mode is selected by an operation of the wiper switch 37 and the required speed and torque exceeds the configuration characteristic, control circuit 32 performs the weakening control of the field, thus allowing the number of rotation and torque exceeding the configuration characteristic to be obtained. With this, the characteristic of the brushless motor 19, becomes apparently equivalent to be positioned, as indicated by a line of two chain points in FIG. 5. That is, where the brushless motor 19, the rating in the design is determined with reference to the low speed cleaning mode, and the brushless motor 19 can be reduced in size as much as possible. And, the torque can be increased by increasing the rotation speed of the brushless motor 19, without changing the current value, which means that a constant torque is relatively increased. In other words, the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment can generate as much high torque as possible, with less energy consumption, thereby improving the efficiency of the motor.
[00066] Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between the angle of advance with time of energization and the number
23/80 rotation of the brushless motor 19. In FIG. 6, the horizontal geometric axis represents the current, and the vertical geometric axis represents the rotation number. As shown in FIG. 6, the rotation number in the case of a 30 degree lead angle is greater than the rotation number in the case of a 0 degree lead angle. The degree advance angle is a fixed value of the energization time described in the low speed cleaning mode. In addition, FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between the angle of advance of the energization time and the efficiency of the brushless motor
19. In FIG. 7, the horizontal geometric axis represents the current, and the vertical geometric axis represents efficiency. As in FIG. 7, the efficiency in the case of an angle
advance in 30 ° is bigger than effectiveness, at the case of one angle of advance of 0 degree . [00067] Beyond of this, in general, the mode in cleaning in
low speed is higher in the frequency of use than the high speed cleaning mode in an automobile cleaner. For this reason, when the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment is used in the cleaner
12, the effect of reducing energy consumption is great when low speed cleaning mode is selected.
[00068] Furthermore, in the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment, when the field weakening control is carried out, the rotor rotation position 22 can be
24/80 estimated based on the detection signal from the induced voltage detection unit 35. In addition, instead of the detection signal from the induced voltage detection unit 35, the rotor rotation position 22 can be estimated based on the detection signal of the output shaft sensor 36 and the reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 27. As described, in the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment, the rotor rotation position 22 can be estimated by means of the induced voltage detection unit 35 and the output shaft sensor 36 previously presented.
[00069] Furthermore, in the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment, the rotation number and a torque corresponding to the high speed characteristic can be obtained by carrying out the field weakening control, and the brushless motor 19 is provided with the speed reduction mechanism 27. Therefore, in the brushless motor 19, the reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 27 can be configured so that the characteristic, that is, the speed and torque, are suitable for the Operating condition of wiper arms 14 and 16 of wiper apparatus 12 can be achieved. The reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 27 is a value obtained by dividing the number of rotation of the output shaft 26 by the number of rotation of the rotor 22, and the number of rotation of the output shaft.
25/80 output 26 is decreased, the reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 27 is increased, the output shaft torque 26 can be amplified in relation to the rotor torque.
[00070] In addition, on the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment, a forward angle control, at the moment of forward and backward rotation of the brushless motor 19, can be optimized based on the estimate of the rotor rotation position 22. In addition, since the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment is not supplied with a brush, a commutator, etc., friction torque due to sliding between a brush and a commutator does not occur, thus preventing a decrease in performance of the motor and an increase in the brush temperature, avoiding restriction of motor output. In addition, in the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment, sound, operating noise due to the presence of the brush can be avoided, and silence can be ensured.
[00071] In addition, on the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment, both the control plate 29 and the speed reduction mechanism 27 are provided in the space surrounded by the frame 24 and the inner lining
28, this is the mechanically and electrically integral structure. Therefore, the entire brushless motor 19 can be configured as being compact and the ability to
26/80 arrangement when the brushless motor 19 is mounted on a vehicle body can be improved.
[00072] In addition, on the brushless motor 19 of this embodiment, when the high speed mode is selected to perform the field weakening control, the control of the control circuit 32 performs the detection of the rotor rotation number 22 , based on the signal
Hall IC 39 ON / OFF. In addition, the rotation number of rotor 22 can be controlled by advancing the energization time for armature coils 21a, 21b, and
21c by an electrical angle of 30 degrees.
[00073] In particular, in the cleaner 12, a time required from the moment the wiper arms 14 and 16 start operating from their initial positions to the moment when they return via retrograde positions to the initial positions is desired to be kept constant. On the other hand, there is a possibility that, due to conditions such as wind resistance caused by vehicle speed and resistance to cleaning wiper blades 17 and 18, the actual cleaning speed of wiper arms 14 and 16 is changed to change the time required. Thus, simultaneously with the control of field weakening, the control of changing the gear factor can be carried out. As will be described specifically below, the control circuit 32 indirectly finds a cleaning speed
27/80 actual wiper arms 14 and 16 based on the Hall signal
IC 39. And, when performing feedback control, the control circuit 32 controls the travel factor so that the actual cleaning speed of the wiper arms 14 is close to a target cleaning speed. With this, through the control of the gait factor during a period between the time in which the control of the previous energization time is performed to the time in which the control of the next energization time is carried out, the cleaning speed of the arms of the cleaner 14 and 16 can be finely controlled.
[00074] Here, the relationship between the structure described in the present embodiment and the structure of the present invention will be described. The drive device 33 having the control circuit 32 corresponds to a speed control unit and a direction of rotation control unit of the present invention, the frame 24 and the inner liner 28 correspond to a housing of the present invention , the windshield 11 corresponds to a windshield of the present invention, the wiper arms and 16, corresponding to an operating member of the present invention, the switching element 30a corresponds to a switch of the present invention, and the Hall IC 39 corresponds to a rotational speed sensor of the present invention. In addition, the low speed cleaning mode corresponds to a
28/80 first control mode of the present invention, and the high speed cleaning mode corresponds to a second control mode of the present invention.
[00075] It is evident that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be varied within a modified range so as not to deviate from the essence of the invention. For example, the cleaning switch is not limited to one operated by the driver's operation, and can be a detection switch that has a function to detect the amount of rain, the amount of snowfall, etc. With the structure described above, the rotation speed control unit automatically starts the cleaning device based on the amount of rain, the amount of snowfall, etc., and performs the automatic switching control between the low speed mode and the high speed mode. In this case, the speed control unit stored in advance the same data, such as the amount of rain, the amount of snowfall, etc., which serves as a reference for switching between the low speed mode and the mode high speed.
In addition, the number of armature coils and the number of permanent magnets can be changed at will.
[00076] Furthermore, the wiper is not limited to the one that cleans the front windshield, but it can be one that cleans the rear windshield. In addition, the device
The cleaner can have a structure in which the wiper arms swing, with the output shaft as a pivot. In addition, the wiper can be configured so that the two wiper arms are respectively controlled by separate brushless motors. In addition, the brushless motor of the present embodiment can be an IPM (inner permanent magnet) type motor with a structure that has permanent magnets buried in an iron core.
[00077] In addition, the number of modes that can be selected by the cleaning switch is not limited to two, that is, the low speed cleaning mode and the high speed cleaning mode, but there can be three or more.
For example, the number of modes for controlling the rotor rotation number can be three, that is, a low speed cleaning mode, an intermediate speed cleaning mode, and a high speed cleaning mode. Here, the rotor rotation number in intermediate speed cleaning mode is greater than the rotor rotation number in low speed cleaning mode, and it is less than the rotor rotation number in high speed cleaning mode. velocity.
[00078] And, when the low speed cleaning mode is selected from among the three cleaning modes, the speed control unit provides a current for the armature coils at energization time
30/80 predetermined, and controls the travel factor, which is an ON ratio of the switching element, to control the rotor rotation number. In addition, when the intermediate speed cleaning control mode is selected, a current is supplied to the armature coils at an energization time obtained by advancing more than the energization time, when the low cleaning control mode speed is selected. As a result, the field weakening control to weaken the rotating magnetic field formed by the armature coils more than that when the low speed cleaning control mode is selected, thus allowing the rotor rotation number to be controlled. As such, when the rotor rotation number is varied between the low speed cleaning mode and the intermediate speed cleaning mode, the low speed cleaning mode corresponds to the first control mode in the present invention, and the intermediate speed cleaning corresponds to the second control mode in the present invention.
[00079] On the other hand, when the intermediate speed cleaning mode is selected from among the three cleaning modes, the rotation speed control unit provides a current for the armature coils at a predetermined energization time, and controls the factor speed, which is an ON ratio of the switching element, to
31/80 check the rotor rotation number. In contrast, when the high speed cleaning control mode is selected, a current is supplied to the armature coils with an energizing time obtained by advancing more than the energizing time, when the cleaning speed control mode intermediate is selected. As a result, the weakening field control to weaken the rotating magnetic field formed by the armature coils is greater than when the intermediate speed cleaning control mode is selected, thus allowing the rotor rotation number to be controlled. As such, when the rotor rotation number is varied between the intermediate speed cleaning mode and the high speed cleaning mode, the intermediate speed cleaning mode corresponds to the first control mode in the present invention, and the high speed cleaning corresponds to the second control mode in the present invention.
[00080] In addition, the brushless motor of the present invention can be applied to an internal rotor type brushless motor having the rotor located inside the stator or an external rotor type brushless motor with the rotor placed outside the stator . In addition, the brushless motor of the present embodiment can be used in a device of the convenient and comfortable type, provided in a vehicle, for example, a sliding door device
32/80 electric, a sunroof device, or an electric window device, as a source of actuation power to operate an operating member, such as doors, ceiling, or glass.
[00081] In the following, another embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. A vehicle 110 shown in FIG. 8 has a windshield
111. The vehicle 110 also has a wiper 112 for cleaning the windshield 111. The wiper 112 has: a windshield wiper arm 114 that swings about an articulation shaft 113; and a wiper arm 116, which swings on a pivot shaft 115. Wiper blade 117 is mounted on the free end of wiper arm 114, and a wiper blade 118 is mounted on the free end of wiper arm
116. The cleaner 112 also has a brushless motor
119 as a power source to drive the wiper arms 114 and 116. In this embodiment, the drive energy of the brushless motor 119 is transmitted to the wiper arms 114 and 116 via a drive power transmission mechanism 120 consisting of parts such as levers and joints.
[00082] The brushless motor 119 is constructed as shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11. A four-pole three-phase brushless motor 119 is used as the brushless motor 119 in this embodiment. The brushless motor 119 has a
33/80 stator 121, and a rotor 122. Brushless motor 119 also has a cylindrical wrap with closed end 123 and stator 121 is provided and fixed to the inner periphery of wrap 123. As shown in FIG. 11, the stator
121 has three-phase armature coils, specifically, U, V and W phases 121a, 121b, and 121c. As shown in FIG. 10, rotor 122 is provided inside stator 121. The rotor
122 has: a axis of rotation 122a; and four-pole permanent magnets 122b mounted on the axis of rotation 122a. In addition, in FIG. 4, for simplicity, the axis of rotation 122 is omitted. A plurality of shaft bearings (not shown) is provided within the envelope
123, 122a and the axis of rotation is rotatably supported by the bearings.
[00083] In addition, the brushless motor 119 also has a hollow frame 124 and frame 124 and wrap 123 are fixed by a gripping component (not shown). A substantially half of the axis of rotation 122a, in the length direction, lies within the envelope 123, and the remainder of the axis of rotation 122a is located within the frame 124. An endless screw 122c is formed on the outer periphery of the said part of the rotation axis 122a, located inside the casing 123. A worm wheel 125 is provided inside the frame 124. A gear 125a is formed at the periphery
34/80 outer worm wheel 125, and gear 125a and worm 122c are coupled with each other.
In addition, a sensor magnet 138 is mounted on said remaining part of the rotation axis 122a, located inside the frame 124. The sensor magnet 138 rotates integrally with the rotation axis 122a. The sensor magnet 138 is magnetized so that the N poles and S poles are alternately arranged along a circumferential direction of the rotary axis
122a.
[00084] In addition, the worm wheel 125 is configured to rotate integrally with an output shaft
126. Worm 122c and gear 125a collectively constitute a speed reduction mechanism 127 in this embodiment. The reason for the reduction of this speed reduction mechanism 127 is a mechanism for reducing the rotation speed of the output shaft 126 in relation to the rotation speed of the rotor 122 in which the drive energy of the rotor 122 is transmitted to the drive shaft. output
126. On the other hand, in FIG. 9, an upper part of the frame
124 is provided with an axle hole (not shown). The worm wheel 125 is attached to an end portion of the output shaft 126, the other end portion of the output shaft 126 is exposed outwardly through the shaft hole of the frame 124, and coupled to the
35/80 drive power transmission mechanism 120, as shown in FIG. 8.
[00085] An opening 124a is provided to the opposite side of the frame 124 from the shaft hole. This opening 124a is formed in order to install the worm wheel 125 and the like in the frame 124. On the other hand, an inner liner 128 for closing the opening 124a is provided for the frame 124. The inner liner 128 has a shape tray, and a control plate 129 is provided in a space surrounded by the inner liner 128 and the frame 124. An example where the control board 129 is mounted on the inner liner 128 is shown in FIG. 8.
[00086] As shown in FIG. 11, this control board 129 is provided with a drive device 133 for brushless motor control 119. Drive device 133 has an inverter circuit 130 for controlling the energization of each of the armature coils 121a, 121b, and
121c. Inverter circuit 130 is connected to a terminal (not shown). Frame 124 is provided with a connector (not shown), and by inserting a socket (not shown) of an electrical wire connected to an external source of electrical energy 131 for the connector, the external source of electrical energy 131 and the inverter circuit 130 are connected to each other. The source of electrical power
36/80 external 131 is a battery, capacitor or the like mounted on vehicle 110.
[00087] In addition, the inverter circuit 130 is provided with a switching element 130a for connecting the armature coils 121a, 121b, 121c to the external electrical power source 131, and disconnecting them from the electrical power source external 131. This switching element 130a is composed of, for example, a semiconductor device, such as a FET. More specifically, switching element 130a includes three positive-side switching elements corresponding to phases U, V, and W and connected to the positive pole of the external electrical power source 131, and three switching elements corresponding to phases U, V, and W and connected to the negative side of the external power source 131. On the other hand, a control circuit (controller) 132 with a switching control function between ON and OFF of the switching element 130a is connected to the inverter circuit 130.
[00088] This control circuit 132 is a well-known microcomputer, including CPU, RAM, ROM, and the like. The drive device 133 also has a PWM 134 signal generating circuit, and a signal from the PWM 134 signal generating circuit is fed into control circuit 132. This control circuit 132 generates a signal
37/80 drive for the control of three switching elements on the negative side, and a PWM signal is superimposed on this drive signal. That is, the three switching elements on the negative side are activated by PWM control, so that they are intermittently switched on each energization time period. And by controlling a ratio in which the three negative side switching elements are separately connected, that is, a travel factor, the current to be supplied to each of the armature coils 121a, 121b, and 121c can be controlled. In addition, the control circuit 132 has data, programs, etc. stored in it for the control to be carried out when the brushless motor starts 119. The brushless motor start time 119 is an initial motor rotation time brushless 119 in a standstill.
[00089] In addition, an induced voltage detection unit 135 is connected to an unconnected end of the wire of each of the armature coils 121a, 121b, and 121c. The induced voltage detection unit 135 is a sensor that detects an induced voltage occurring in each of the armature coils 121a, 121b, and 121c, in association with the rotation of the rotor 122, and a detection signal from the induced voltage detection 135 is introduced to control circuit 132. Control circuit 132 performs a process of estimating a rotor rotation position 122
38/80 (the phase of direction of rotation), based on the detection signal, introduced from the induced voltage detection unit 135.
[00090] In addition, the brushless motor 119 in this embodiment performs the change of control between
ON and OFF of switching element 130a to reverse the energizing direction in relation to armature coils 121a, 121b and 121c, thus allowing rotor 122 to rotate back and forth. When switching element 130a is turned on, external power source 131 is connected to armature coils 121a, 121b and 121c, and when switching element 130a is switched off, external power source 131 is switched off for coils armature 121a, 121b and 121c.
[00091] In addition, an output shaft sensor 136, which detects at least one of the rotation number and an absolute position of the output shaft 126, is provided inside the frame 124. The absolute position means an angle of rotation output shaft 126 relative to a reference position. The reference position can be determined at any position within the 360 degree range. A detection signal from this sensor of the output shaft 136 is introduced into the control circuit 132. In addition, the Hall
IC 139 is mounted on the control board 129. Hall IC 139 is fixed so that it faces the magnet of sensor 138 in a
39/80 non-contact form. With the rotation of rotor 122, Hall IC 139 performs a switching operation, with a magnetic pole change of sensor magnet 138, generating a switching signal (an ON / OFF signal). The control circuit 132 can detect the rotation number (speed of rotation) of the rotor 122 based on the switching signal of Hall IC 139. On the other hand, a switch of the cleaner 137 is provided inside the vehicle 110, and a signal of operation from wiper switch 137, is introduced in control circuit 132.
[00092] In the cleaning device 112, based on conditions such as the amount of rain, the amount of snowfall, etc., the cleaning speed of the wiper arms 114 and 116 can be switched. For example, when the amount of rain or the amount of snowfall is small, the wiper switch 137 is operated to select a low speed cleaning mode to cause wiper arms 114 and 116 to operate at a predetermined low speed . In contrast, when the amount of rain or amount of snow is large, the wiper switch 137 is operated to select a high speed cleaning mode to make wiper arms 114 and 116 operate at a speed greater than low speed. For this reason, data patterns, mathematical expressions, etc., in relation to the low cleaning mode
40/80 speed and high speed cleaning mode are stored in advance in the control circuit 132 to control the switching element 130a.
[00093] Next, the control over the brushless motor 119 in this embodiment will be described below. When the wiper switch 137 is operated to select low speed mode, the detection signal from the induced voltage detection unit 135 is input to control circuit 132. Based on the detection signal from the detection unit induced tension
135, control circuit 132 estimates a rotation position (an angle in a direction of rotation) of rotor 122, and performs energization control based on the rotation position of rotor 122. That is, the switching elements on the side positive are sequentially connected by an electrical angle of 120 degrees, and the switching elements on the negative side, with a phase different from that of the positive side switching elements are sequentially connected by an electrical angle of 120 degrees, thus switching the energization of the coils of induced
121a, 121b, and 121c of the respective phases to switch the phase current.
[00094] With the repetition of the command described above, a rotating magnetic field is formed by the stator 121 to rotate the rotor 122. In addition, the brushless motor 119 has a characteristic that the number of rotation increases in
41/80 as the current value increases. In addition, the brushless motor 119 has a feature in which the torque decreases as the number of revolutions increases. When the low speed cleaning mode is selected, the travel factor control is performed without performing field weakening control, thus keeping the actual rotation number of rotor 122 close to the required speed number.
[00095] On the other hand, when the high speed cleaning mode is selected, the field weakening control is performed without modifying the current to be supplied to the armature coils 121a, 121b, and 121c. In the field weakening control, the energization time for each of the armature coils 121a, 121b, and 121c is advanced by an electrical angle of 30 degrees in relation to the low speed cleaning mode. The term field weakening control is intended to mean a weakening control of the magnetic field as far as possible, which is formed by a current supply to the armature coils 121a, 121b, and 121c. When this field weakening control is performed, a retro-electromotive force on the armature coils 121a, 121b, and 121c is decreased, and the rotor rotation number 122 is increased.
[00096] Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the brushless motor 119. In FIG. 12, the vertical geometric axis represents the engine rotation number
42/80 brushless 119, and the horizontal axis is the torque of the brushless motor 119. In addition, a dashed line shown in FIG. 12 is an example of a low speed feature corresponding to the low speed cleaning mode, and a continuous line shown in FIG. 12 is an example of a high speed feature corresponding to the high speed cleaning mode.
[00097] In the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment, in order to define its classification, there is a configuration characteristic in, for example, a position indicated by the continuous line, in order to obtain the number of rotation and torque corresponding to the low speed characteristic of FIG. 12. Therefore, when the low speed cleaning mode is selected by an operation of the wiper switch 137, the required rotation number and torque can be obtained within a range equal to or less than the configuration characteristic.
[00098] In contrast, when the high-speed cleaning mode is selected by an operation of the wiper switch 137 and the required speed and torque exceeds the configuration characteristic, control circuit 132 performs the weakening control of the field, thus allowing the number of rotation and torque exceeding the configuration characteristic to be obtained. As a result, the characteristic of the brushless motor 119 becomes
43/80 apparently equivalent to be positioned, as indicated by a two-point line in FIG. 12. And, torque can be increased by increasing the rotation speed of the brushless motor 119 without changing the current value, which means that a constant torque is relatively increased.
In other words, the brushless motor 119 in this embodiment can generate as much high torque as possible with less energy consumption, thereby improving the efficiency of the motor.
[00099] In addition, in general, the low speed cleaning mode is higher in the frequency of use than the high speed cleaning mode in an automobile cleaner. For this reason, when the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment is used in the cleaner
112, the effect of reducing energy consumption is great when low speed cleaning mode is selected. In the brushless motor of this embodiment, it is not necessary to determine the design rating of the brushless motor
119 with reference to the high speed cleaning mode, and the brushless motor 219 can be reduced in size as much as possible.
[000100] Furthermore, in the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment, when the field weakening control is carried out, the rotation position of the rotor 122 can be estimated based on the detection signal from the control unit.
44/80 induced voltage detection 135. In addition, instead of the detection signal from the induced voltage detection unit 135, the rotation position of rotor 122 can be estimated based on the signal coming from the axis detection sensor output 136 and the rate of reduction of the speed reduction mechanism 127. As now described, in the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment, the rotation position of the rotor 122 can be estimated by means of the induced voltage detection unit 135 and the output shaft sensor
136 previously provided. It is not necessary to provide a special sensor to detect a rotor rotation position
22, that is, the brushless motor of this embodiment has a sensorless structure. Therefore, the brushless motor of the present embodiment can be reduced in the number of parts and in the production cost.
[000101] In addition, in the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment, the rotation number and a torque, corresponding to the high speed characteristic can be obtained by carrying out the field weakening control, and the brushless motor 119 is provided with the speed reduction mechanism 127. Thus, in the brushless motor
119, the rate of reduction of the speed reduction mechanism
127 can be configured so that the characteristic, that is, the number of rotation and the torque, suitable for the operating condition of the wiper arms 114 and 116 of the
45/80 cleaner 112 can be achieved. The reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 127 is a value obtained by dividing the number of rotation of the output shaft 126 by the number of rotation of the rotor 122, and the number of rotation of the output shaft 126 is decreased, the reduction ratio speed reduction mechanism 127 is increased.
[000102] In addition, on the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment, a control of the lead angle, at the moment of forward and backward rotation of the brushless motor 119 can be optimized based on the estimate of the rotor rotation position 122. In addition, since the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment is not supplied with a brush, a commutator (commutator), etc., friction torque due to sliding between a brush and a commutator does not occur, thus preventing a decrease in engine performance. In addition, in the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment, noise due to the presence of the brush can be prevented.
[000103] Furthermore, the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment has a structure in which both the control plate 129 and the speed reduction mechanism 127 are placed in the space surrounded by the frame 124 and the inner lining 128, i.e. , a mechanically and electrically integral structure. Therefore, the entire brushless motor 119 can be configured as being compact and the
46/80 disposal capacity when the brushless motor 119 is mounted on a vehicle body can be improved.
[000104] In addition, in the brushless motor 119 of this embodiment, the control circuit 132 has the function of, when carrying out the field weakening control, carrying out the detection control of the rotor rotation number 122 based on Hall IC ON / OFF signal
139 and the control of the rotation number of the rotor 122 with the advance of the energization time of the armature coils 121a,
121b, and 121c of a 30 degree electrical angle.
[000105] Here, the relationship between the structure described in the present embodiment and the structure of the present invention will be described. The drive device 133 having the control circuit 132 corresponds to a first speed control unit, a second direction control unit, a rotation position estimation unit, and a direction control unit. rotation of the present invention; frame 124 and inner lining 128 correspond to the housing of the present invention; windshield 111 corresponds to the glass of the present invention; wiper arms 114 and 116 correspond to the operating member of the present invention; it's the
Hall IC 139 corresponds to a switching element of the present invention. In addition, the characteristics represented by the number of rotation and torque in FIG. 12
47/80 correspond to the characteristics of the brushless motor in the present invention.
[000106] It is evident that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be modified within a wide range without departing from the essence of the invention. For example, the cleaner 112 is not limited to the one that cleans the windshield 111, but it can be one that cleans the rear windshield. In addition, while the windshield wiper arms 114 and 116 are coupled to the output shaft 126, through the drive energy transmission mechanism 120 in the wiper apparatus 112 shown in FIG. 8, the wiper arms can be configured to be coupled directly to the output shaft. In addition, while the cleaning apparatus 112 shown in FIG. 8 is configured in such a way that the wiper arms 114 and 116 are driven by a single brushless motor 119, the two wiper arms can be configured to be controlled, respectively, by separate brushless motors. In addition, the brushless motor of the present embodiment can be an IPM (inner permanent magnet) type motor with a structure that has permanent magnets buried in an iron core. In addition, the number of modes that can be selected by the wiper switch is not limited to two, that is, the low speed cleaning mode and the high speed cleaning mode,
48/80 but there may be three or more. In addition, the number of armature coils and the number of permanent magnets can be changed at will.
[000107] In addition, the brushless motor according to the present invention can be applied to a brushless motor in the form of an internal rotor with a rotor located inside the stator or a brushless motor in the form of an external rotor with a rotor placed outside the stator. In addition, the brushless motor of the present embodiment can be used in a device of the convenient and comfortable type, provided in a vehicle, for example, an electric sliding door device, a sunroof device, or a electric window, as a source of drive power to operate an operating member, such as doors, roof, or windshield.
[000108] In the following, yet another embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. A vehicle 210 shown in FIG. 13 has a windshield 211. Vehicle 210 also has a wiper 12 for cleaning windshield 211. Wiper 212 has: a wiper arm 214 that swings on a pivot axis
213; and a wiper arm 216, which swings on a pivot shaft 215. The wiper blade 217 is mounted on the free end of the wiper arm 214, and a wiper blade 218 is mounted on the free end of the wiper arm.
49/80
216. The cleaner 212 also has a brushless motor
219 as a source of drive energy to drive the wiper arms 214 and 216. In this embodiment, the drive energy of the brushless motor 219 is transmitted to the wiper arms 214 and 216 via a transmission mechanism. drive energy 220 composed of parts such as levers and joints.
[000109] The brushless motor 219 is constructed as shown in FIGS. 14, 15 and 16. Brushless motor 219 is a three-phase direct current motor 219, and a four-pole four-phase motor 219 is used as brushless motor 219 in this embodiment. The brushless motor
219 has a stator 221 and a rotor 222. The brushless motor
219 further has a cylindrical casing with closed end 223 and stator 221 is provided and attached to the inner periphery of casing 223. As shown in FIG. 16, stator 221 has winding wires, that is, armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c which correspond to three phases, specifically U, V, and W phases. Specifically, three armature coils are connected to each other in in order to form a Y connection, that is, one end of the three-phase armature coils 221a is connected to a neutral point. In addition, this 219 brushless motor is a bipolar brushless motor, where each armature coil functions as both a positive and negative pole. O
50/80 rotor 222 is provided inside stator 221 and the rotor
222 has: a rotor shaft 222a; and four pole permanent magnets 222b mounted on the rotor shaft 222a. A plurality of shaft bearings is provided within the envelope
223, and the rotor shaft 222a is rotatably supported by the bearings.
[000110] In addition, the brushless motor 219 also has a hollow frame 224, and frame 224 and wrap 223 are secured by a gripping component (not shown). A substantially half of the rotor shaft 222a in a length direction is located within the casing
223, and the remainder of the rotor shaft 222a is located inside the frame 224. An endless screw 222c is formed on the outer periphery of said rotor shaft part 222a, located inside the casing 223. A screw wheel worm 225 is provided within frame 224. A gear 225a is formed at the outer periphery of worm wheel 225, and gear 225a and worm 222c are engaged with each other.
In addition, a sensor magnet 238 is mounted on said remaining part of the rotor axis 222a, inside the frame 224. The sensor magnet 238 rotates integrally with the rotor axis
222a. The sensor magnet 238 is magnetized so that the N poles and S poles are alternately arranged along a circumferential direction of the rotor axis 222a.
51/80 [000111] In addition, the worm wheel 225 is configured to rotate integrally with an output shaft
226. Worm screw 222c and gear 225a collectively constitute a speed reduction mechanism 227 in this embodiment. This speed reduction mechanism
227 is a mechanism for reducing the rotation number of the output shaft 226 (output of the rotation number) relative to the rotation number of the rotor 222 (input rotation number), when the drive energy of the rotor 222 is transmitted to output shaft 226, rotor rotation number 222 is an input rotation number, and output shaft rotation number is an output rotation number.
In addition, in FIG. 14, an upper part of the frame 224 is provided with an axis hole (not shown), and the output shaft 226 is inserted into the axis hole. The worm wheel 225 is attached to one end of the output shaft 226, the other end of the output shaft 226 is exposed to the outside of the frame 224, and coupled to the drive power transmission mechanism 220 .
[000112] An opening 224a is provided to the opposite side of the frame 224 from the shaft hole. This opening 224a is formed in order to install the worm wheel 225, and the like, in the frame 224. On the other hand, an inner liner 228 to close the opening 224a is
52/80 provided for frame 224. Inner liner 228 has a tray shape, and a control plate 229 is provided in a space surrounded by inner liner 228 and frame 224. An example where the control plate 229 is mounted on the inner liner 228 is shown in FIG. 14.
[000113] As shown in FIG. 16, this control board 229 is provided with a control unit for controlling the brushless motor 219, i.e., a drive device 233, such as a controller. The drive device 233 has an inverter circuit 230 to control the energization of each of the armature coils 221a, 221b, and
221c. Inverter circuit 230 is connected to a terminal (not shown). The frame 224 is provided with a connector, and by inserting a socket of an electrical wire connected to an external source of electrical power 231 to the connector, the external source of electrical power 231 and the inverter circuit 230 are connected to each other. The external power source 231 is a battery, capacitor or the like mounted on vehicle 210.
[000114] In addition, the inverter circuit 230 is provided with a switching element 230a to connect the armature coils 221a, 221b, 221c and to the external power source 231, and disconnect them from the power source external 231. This switching element 230a consists of, for example, a device
53/80 semiconductor, such as a FET. More specifically, switching element 230a includes three positive-side switching elements corresponding to phases U, V, and W and connected to the positive pole of external power source 231, and three negative-side switching elements corresponding to phases U , V, and W and connected to the negative side of the external power source 231. That is, six switching elements are provided in total.
When switching element 230a is connected, that is, on, current is supplied by the external electrical power source 231 to armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c. In contrast, when switching element 230A is interrupted, that is, switched off, current is not supplied by external electrical power source 231 to armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c. In addition, a control circuit 232 for switching between switching element 230a on and off is connected to the inverter circuit
230.
[000115] This control circuit 232 is a well-known microcomputer, including CPU, RAM, ROM, and the like. The drive device 233 also has a PWM signal generating circuit 234, and a signal from the PWM signal generating circuit 234 is fed into control circuit 232. This control circuit 232 generates a drive signal for the control of three control elements. switching
54/80 negative side, and a PWM signal is superimposed on this trigger signal. That is, the three switching elements on the negative side are activated by PWM control, so that they are intermittently switched on each energization time period. And by controlling a relationship in which the three switching elements on the negative side are separately connected, that is, a travel factor, the current to be supplied to each of the armature coils 221a, 221b, and
221c can be controlled. That is, the energization time period in which electrical energy is supplied to the armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c can be increased and decreased, between 0% and 100% over a total energizable time period. In addition, control circuit 232 has data, programs, etc. stored in it for the control to be carried out at the start of the brushless motor 219. The start time of the brushless motor 219 is an initial motor rotation time brushless 219 in a standstill.
[000116] In addition, an induced voltage detection unit 235 is connected to one end of the unconnected wire of each of the armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c. The induced voltage detection unit 235 is a sensor that detects an induced voltage occurring in each of the armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c, in association with the rotation of the rotor 222, and a detection signal from the
55/80 induced voltage detection 235 is introduced for control circuit 232. Control circuit 232 performs a process of estimating a rotor rotation position
222, that is, a phase in a direction of rotation as a function of the detection signal introduced from the induced voltage detection unit 235.
[000117] In addition, a Hall IC 239 is mounted on the control board 229. Hall IC 239 is fixed, so that it faces the magnet of the 239 sensor in the form of non-contact. With the rotation of the rotor shaft 222a, Hall IC 239 performs a switching operation, with a magnetic pole change of the sensor magnet 238, generating a switching signal, that is, an ON / OFF signal. Note that a plurality of, for example, three, Hall IC 239 can be provided along the rotation direction of the rotor shaft 222. The control circuit 232 detects the rotation number and the rotation angle of the rotor shaft. 222 based on the switching signal from Hall IC 239. In addition, an output shaft sensor
236 which detects the rotation angle and the rotation number of the output shaft 226 is provided. A detection signal from the output shaft sensor 236 is fed into the control circuit
232. In addition, a wiper switch 237 is provided inside vehicle 210, and the embodiment is configured so that an operating signal from wiper switch 237 is introduced into the
56/80 control 232. In addition, a vehicle speed sensor
240 is provided, and a signal from vehicle speed sensor 240 is input to control circuit 232. Vehicle speed sensor 240 is a sensor that detects the travel speed of vehicle 210.
[000118] Next, the control over the brushless motor 219 in this embodiment will be described below. Based on the detection signal from the induced voltage detection unit 235, the control circuit 232 estimates the rotation and direction and position, that is, an angle in the rotation direction of the rotor shaft 222a, and performs the control of energization based on rotating position of rotor shaft 222a. That is, the positive-side switching elements are sequentially connected by a predetermined electrical angle, and the negative-side switching elements with a different phase than the positive-side switching elements are sequentially switched on and off by a predetermined electrical angle, thus switching the energization of the armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c of the respective phases to switch the phase current. With the repetition of the command described above, a rotating magnetic field is formed by the stator 21 to rotate the rotor 22.
[000119] In addition, the brushless motor 219 in this embodiment performs the change of control between
ON and OFF of switching element 230a for
57/80 reverse direction of armature coil energization
221a, 221b and 221c, thus allowing the rotor shaft 222a to turn positively, stop, and turn back. The wiper arms 214 and 216 alternate movements with drive energy from the rotor shaft 222a within the range of a predetermined angle, and the windshield 211 is cleaned by blades 217 and 218.
[000120] Furthermore, to control the rotation number of the rotor shaft 222, the brushless motor 219 in this embodiment can perform field weakening control. Field weakening control is the control of weakening a magnetic field as much as possible, the magnetic field formed by a current supply to the armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c. As will be specifically described below, the field weakening control is the advance control of the armature coil energization time 221a, 221b, and 221c by 30 degrees (main phase), compared to the normal energization time. That is, the control takes an advance phase. When field weakening control is performed, a retro-electromotive force on the armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c is decreased, and the number of rotor shaft rotors 222 is increased.
[000121] Furthermore, at the control outputs, that is, the number of rotation and torque, of the rotor shaft 222a, the motor
58/80 brushless 219 of this embodiment can switch between the first control and the second control. An example of a condition for switching between the first control and the second control could be a vehicle travel speed
210. Control circuit 232 has previously stored a vehicle speed reference inside it that serves as a limit value for switching between the first control and the second control. And, when a real vehicle speed detected with a signal from the vehicle speed sensor 240 is equal to or less than the speed of the reference vehicle, the first control is performed. When the speed of the actual vehicle detected with the signal from the vehicle's speed sensor 240 is greater than the speed of the reference vehicle, the second control is performed.
[000122] Examples of first control and second control are described with reference to FIG. 17. Angles from 0 ° to 360 ° shown in FIG. 17 are electrical angles, each representing an energization period in a cycle of an electrical signal. Positive represents energization of the positive pole and negative represents the energization of the negative pole. Fig. 17A illustrates an example of the first control.
In phase L, the energization starts from the positive pole in ° with 0 ° taken as a reference position, the energization is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of
59/80
120 °, and then the energization from the positive pole ends. In addition, the energization of the negative pole begins with a range of a predetermined angle after the electrical energization of the positive pole ends, the energization is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of 120 °, and then the energization ends.
[000123] On the other hand, in phase V, the energization of the positive pole begins at the moment when the energization of the positive pole in phase L ends. After energization is maintained in a 120 ° electrical angle range, energization ends. In addition, in phase V, the energization of the negative pole begins at the moment the energization of the negative pole in phase U ends. After energizing the negative pole to be maintained in a range of an electrical angle of
120 °, and then the energization of the negative pole ends.
In addition, in the W phase, the positive pole energization begins at the moment the positive pole energization in phase V ends. After energizing the positive pole is maintained within a 120 ° electrical angle range, energizing the positive pole ends. In addition, in the
W, the energization of the negative pole begins at the moment the energization of the negative pole in phase V ends. After the energization of the negative pole is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of 120 °, the energization of the negative pole ends. As such, in the first control, ranges in which the
60/80 energization of the positive pole and energization of the negative pole are maintained, that is, the energization angles are both of
120 °.
[000124] Then, the description is made based on the
FIG. 17B shows an example of the second control. In phase U, energization of the positive pole starts at 0 °. After the energization of the positive pole is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of 120 ° + α, the energization of the positive pole ends. In addition, the energization of the negative pole starts after the energization of the positive pole ends. After the energization of the negative pole is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of 120 ° + α, the energization of the negative pole ends.
[000125] In phase V, the positive pole energization begins while the positive pole energization in phase U is being performed. In addition, after energizing the positive pole to be maintained in a range of an electrical angle of
120 ° + α, the positive pole energization ends. In addition, the negative pole energization starts after the positive pole energization ends and at the same time that the negative pole energization in phase U is being maintained.
After the energization of the negative pole is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of 120 ° + α, the energization of the negative pole ends.
61/80 [000126] In phase W, the energization of the positive pole begins while the energization of the negative pole in phase U and, while the energization of the positive pole in phase V is being performed. In addition, after the positive pole energization is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of 120 ° + α, the positive pole energization ends. In addition, the negative pole energization starts after the positive pole energization ends, while the positive pole energization in phase U is being maintained, and while the negative pole energization in phase V is being maintained.
After energization of the negative pole is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of 120 ° + α, the energization of the negative pole ends. In FIG. 17B, each of a portion where the energization of the positive pole in phase U and that in phase V overlap a portion where the energization of the same pole in phase V and that in phase W overlap, and a portion where their energization in the phase W and that in phase V overlap is a range of α. The same goes for energizing the negative pole.
[000127] In addition, another example of the second control will be described below based on FIG. 17C. In phase
L, the energization of the positive pole starts from an electrical angle greater than 0 ° and less than 30 °. After energizing the positive pole is maintained in a range of an electrical angle of 120 ° + α, energizing the positive pole
62/80 ends. Note that the energization control on the negative pole of phase U, the energization control on the positive pole and negative pole of phase V, and the energization control on the positive pole and negative pole of phase W are the same as in FIG . 17B. In addition, an energizing angle of 120 ° + α means that the energizing angle has a value greater than 120 °. In this embodiment, the power angle of the brushless motor 219 is controlled over a range equal to or greater than 120 ° and equal to or less than 180 °.
[000128] As such, the angle of energization in the examples of the second control is greater than the angle of energization in the example of the first control. That is, the first and second control commands have different energization angles. At
FIG. 17C, each of a portion where the positive pole energization in phase U and that in phase V overlap a portion where the energization of it in phase V and in phase W overlap and a portion where the energization of it in phase W and in phase V they overlap is a range of α. The same goes for energizing the negative pole.
[000129] And, in conjunction with the first control or the second control, the control of the travel factor described above is performed to control the rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a. Fig. 18 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the 219 brushless motor. An independent characteristic of the 219 brushless motor is indicated by a
63/80 continuous line. And, by controlling the power angle of the 219 brushless motor, an apparent characteristic can be positioned as indicated by a line from a chain point. The independent feature represents a feature satisfying a target output when the actual vehicle speed of vehicle 210 is equal to or less than the vehicle reference speed, i.e., a low speed feature. The apparent characteristic represents a characteristic satisfying a target output when the actual vehicle speed of the vehicle 210 is greater than the vehicle reference speed, i.e., a high speed characteristic. The target output is represented by the number of rotation and torque of the rotor shaft
222a. The condition for determining the target output includes the wiper switch operation signal 237, vehicle travel speed 210, wiper arms operating positions 214 and 216, etc.
[000130] In the brushless motor 219 of this embodiment, when the target output has a characteristic identical to or below the independent characteristic, the first control is carried out, and the travel factor is controlled, thus decreasing the number of axis rotation rotor 222a and obtaining a low speed characteristic.
In contrast, when the target output is a feature larger than the independent feature, the second control is
64/80 performed to increase the rotation number of the rotor shaft
222a, and control the travel factor, thus obtaining the high speed characteristic. Thus, the design rating of the 219 brushless motor can be determined with reference to the independent characteristic, and the 219 brushless motor can be reduced in size as much as possible. With the energization angle increased, without changing the current value of the brushless motor 219, the rotor shaft rotation number 222a is increased to increase the torque, which means that the torque constant is relatively increased. In other words, the brushless motor 219 of this embodiment can generate as much high torque as possible, with less energy consumption, thus improving the efficiency of the motor. In addition, when the 219 brushless motor output is assumed to be constant, the power consumption can be set to low.
[000131] In addition, the rating of the 219 brushless motor can be reduced as much as possible, and this means that the thickness of each of the armature coils
221a, 221b, and 221c is made as thin as possible. As a result, the number of turns of each armature coil 221a, 221b, and 221c wound around stator 221 increases, and the electrical resistance as a brushless motor 219 relatively increases. So, for example, the current flowing through the switching element 230a, when the
65/80 drive device 233 is out of service, ie an allowable current can be relatively low. The permissible current in the switching element 230a is relatively low, thus contributing to a reduction in the size of the drive device 233. Thus, this contributes to a reduction in the size of the brushless motor
219, and there are advantages to improving the arrangement ability when placing the brushless motor 219 inside an engine room of the vehicle 210.
[000132] Here, an example of a relationship between the characteristics and the angle of power of the brushless motor 219 will be described based on FIG. 19. The characteristics of the 219 brushless motor are represented by the speed and torque. In FIG. 19, the relations corresponding to the angles of 120 °, 135 °, 150 ° and 165 ° are shown as the energization angle. As shown in
FIG. 19, the brushless motor 219 has characteristics in which the rotation number increases as the energization angle increases, when the torque is assumed to be the same.
[000133] Then, another example of the condition for carrying out the first and second controls will be sequentially described. For example, as shown in FIG.
20, the first control and the second control can be performed based on the operating angle of the rotor shaft
222a obtained from the Hall IC 239 detection signal.
66/80
FIG. 20, the vertical axis represents the rotation number of the rotor axis 222a, and the horizontal axis represents the operating angle. The rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a is indicated by a continuous line. The operating angle includes the operating angle of the rotor shaft 222a which corresponds to the operating positions of the wiper arms 214 and 216.
[000134] As will be described below, specifically, the operating angle of the rotor shaft 222a is an angle of rotation when the wiper arms 214 and 216 shown in
FIG. 13 operate from initial positions closest to the brushless motor 219, i.e., the predetermined positions. The maximum value of the operating angle of the rotor shaft 222a corresponds to the positions where the wiper arms 214 and 216 are inverted. That is, as the operating positions of the wiper arms 214 and 216 are further away from the brushless motor 219, the operating angle of the rotor shaft 222a is increased. Here, when the wiper arms 214 and 216 start to move from the starting positions, the number of rotation increases as the operating angle of the rotor shaft 222a increases. Between an operating angle Θ1 and an operating angle Θ2, the rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a is approximately constant. Then, between the operating angle Θ2 and the maximum value, the rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a gradually decreases.
67/80 [000135] In contrast to the above, when the wipers 214 and 216 are inverted, the number of rotation of the rotor shaft 22a increases between the maximum value and the operating angle θ. In addition, between the operating angle Θ2 and the operating angle Θ1, the rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a is approximately constant. Then, between the operating angle Θ1 and the starting position, the number of rotor shaft rotor 222a gradually decreases. Then, the first control can be carried out with the operating angle Θ1, and the second control can be carried out with the operating angle Θ2. Here, the operating angle Θ2 is greater than the operating angle Θ1. Note that when performing the first control and the second control depending on the operating angle of the wiper arms 214 and 216, the operating angle of the wiper arms 214 and 216 can be found based on the detection signal from the output shaft sensor 236.
[000136] In addition, another example of the condition for carrying out the first control and the second control will be described based on FIG. 21. Here, the first control and the second control can be performed based on the number of rotor of the rotor shaft 222a obtained from the detection signal of Hall IC 239. In FIG. 21, the vertical geometric axis represents the number of rotation, and the horizontal geometric axis represents time. The rotation number is
68/80 indicated by a continuous line. The time shown in FIG. 21 means a time elapsed from the moment when the wiper arms 214 and 216 operate from the starting positions to the moment they reach the reverse positions. And, the first control is performed when the actual rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a is equal to a rotation speed N1, and the second control is performed when the actual rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a is equal to a rotation speed. rotation N2. Here, the rotation speed N2 is greater than the rotation speed N1.
[000137] As the rotation number represented in FIG.
21, the output shaft rotation number 226 can be used. That is, with the output shaft rotation number
226 obtained from the signal from the output shaft sensor 236, the first control and the second control can be performed. With this control, switching takes place between the first control and the second control depending on the operating speed of the wiper arms 214 and 216.
[000138] Note that when the rotor shaft 222a starts to rotate from a position that corresponds to the initial positions of the wiper arms 214 and 216, the rotor shaft rotation number 222a increases over time. Then, the rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a is kept constant for a predetermined period of time, and the rotation number of the rotor shaft 222a is gradually
69/80 decreased. When the wiper arms 214 and 216 return from their inverse positions, the characteristic of changing the rotation number is opposite to the previous one.
[000139] In addition, another example of the condition for carrying out the first control and the second control will be described based on FIG. 22. Here, the first control and the second control are performed according to the number of rotor on the rotor shaft 222a detected by Hall IC 239. In FIG. 22, the vertical axis represents the rotation number of the rotor axis 222a, and the horizontal axis represents time. The time shown in FIG. 22 means the same as the time shown in FIG. 21. And, the first control is carried out at a time t1 when a predetermined time elapses counted from the moment when the wiper arms 214 and 216 start the operation from the initial positions. In addition, the second control is performed at a time t2 when a predetermined time additionally elapses from time t1. Note that the output shaft rotation number
226 detected by the output shaft sensor 236 can be used as the rotation number in FIG. 22. That is, switching can be carried out between the first control and the second control from the operating speed of the wiper arms 214 and 216.
[000140] In addition, another example of the condition for carrying out the first control and the second control will be
70/80 described based on FIG. 23. FIG. 23A shows the second control corresponding to high speed cleaning, and FIG. 23B shows the first control corresponding to low speed cleaning. Here, FIGS. 23A and 23B show the controls for changing the advance angle and the energization angle when the operating angle θ is changed for both vehicle speeds. In addition, the amount of change of the lead angle and the energization angle with respect to the amount of change of the operating angle θ can be the same for all vehicle speeds, or can be modified for each vehicle speed.
[000141] Next, an example of the rotor structure
222 for use on the brushless motor 219 will be described based on FIG. 24. The rotor 222 structure of the 219 brushless motor includes an IPM (Permanent Interior Magnet) structure and SPM (Permanent Surface Magnet) structure. The IPM structure is a 222 rotor structure with permanent magnets
222b buried inside the rotor core 222d, as in
FIG. 24A. The SPM structure is a rotor structure 222 with permanent magnets 222b attached to the surface of the rotor core 222d, as in FIG. 24B. That is, on rotor 222 of the IPM structure, the rotor core 222d formed of an iron-based magnetic material is placed on the surface of rotor 222. In contrast, on rotor 222 of the SPM structure, permanent magnets 222b are placed on
71/80 rotor surface 222. And, while the magnetic permeability of iron-based magnetic material is large in the order of 10 in relation to air, the magnetic permeability of permanent magnets is close to that of air in value. Therefore, rotor 222 of the SPM structure has a lower inductance than that of rotor 222 of the IPM structure.
[000142] In the brushless motor control 219 of this embodiment, since the energization angle is more than 120 ° overall, a non-energizing section of each phase is narrowed. Thus, to speed up current switching, it is desirable to decrease the current delay section in the OFF time of the switching element due to the inductance. Thus, like the rotor 222 structure, the SPM structure is preferred over the IPM structure.
[000143] Furthermore, even when rotor 222 is of the SPM structure, if ferrite magnets are used as permanent magnets 222b, the axial length of a magnetic circuit to be formed is increased. In general, the armature coil inductance is proportional to the axial length of a magnetic circuit. Therefore, when ferrite magnets are used as permanent magnets 222b, the inductance in the armature coils 221a, 221b, and 221c is large. In contrast, if rotor 222 is of the SPM structure using sintered rare earth magnets like permanent magnets
222b, the axial length of the magnetic circuit to be formed
72/80 is decreased, and the inductance in the armature coils can be reduced. However, since sintered rare earth magnets include expensive heavy rare earth elements (Dy, TB), the 219 brushless motor becomes expensive.
[000144] Thus, like permanent magnets 222b, it is preferable to use ring magnets of rare earth bonded magnets capable of a short axial length of the magnetic circuit to be formed, and not including a heavy rare earth element. Here, rare earth bonded magnets include a neodymium bonded magnet and a SmFeN bonded magnet. In addition, a magnet bonded with neodymium and bonded with SmFeN includes both isotropic and anisotropic.
[000145] Next, the number of permanent magnets to be mounted on the rotor, that is, the number of poles, and the number of slots in the stator having armature coils wound around it, are described. When the ratio of the number of poles to the number of slits is represented as the number of poles: the number of slits, the relationships are broadly classified into 2n: 3n, 4n: 3n, 8n: 9n, 10n: 9n,
10n: 12n, and 14n: 12n. Here, n is an integer equal to or greater than 1. In structures of 8n: 9n, 10n: 9n, 10n: 12n, and 14n: 12n, positional relationships between armature coils of the same phase and permanent magnets can vary.
Therefore, providing an advance angle for the energization time or increasing the energization angle, the phase
73/80 energization advances from a base value. Thus, permanent magnets tend to be demagnetized.
[000146] Fig. 25 is a schematic view showing an example of the rotor and stator corresponding to six poles and nine slits, and FIG. 26 is a schematic view showing an example of the rotor and stator corresponding to eight poles and nine slits. That is, FIG. 25 represents an example when 2n: 3n described above and n is 3. In FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, V represents a phase V, U represents a phase U, and W represents a phase W. In addition, a sign in each phase indicates that the armature coil is wound in the reverse direction. In addition, FIG. 26 represents an example when
8n: 9n and n is 1. In FIG. 25, the positional relationships between the armature coils U1, U2, and U3 of the same phase and permanent magnets 222b are identical, in a circumferential direction. Thus, when a setting value of the lead time of the energization time is set to an electrical angle Θ1, the lead angle of each armature coil is represented by
U1: Θ1 = U2: Θ1 = U3: Θ1.
[000147] In contrast, in fig. 26, the positional relationships between the armature coils U1, U2, and U3 of the same phase and the permanent magnets 222b vary in the circumferential direction. Thus, when a setting value of the lead time of the energization time is set to
74/80 an electrical angle Θ1, the lead angle of each armature coil is represented by
U1: Θ1 - 20 ° = U2: Θ1 = U3: Θ1 + 20 °.
[000148] Note that the direction of rotation of rotor 222 is assumed to be a clockwise direction when viewed from an axial end on one side of the worm wheel 225, i.e., CW. As such, permanent magnets 222b facing U3 have a large lead angle, and therefore tend to be demagnetized.
[000149] Thus, to carry out the first control and the second control, a brushless motor with a structure of
2n: 3n or 4n: 3n, where the positional relationships between the armature coils of the same phase and the permanent magnets are identical, it is desirable. In addition, when the number of permanent magnets increases, a mechanical influence of the electrical angle in relation to the angle of rotation increases. That is, the influence of the current delay increases. Thus, with the same number of slots, a 2n: 3n structure is desirable, in which the number of permanent magnets can be reduced. Note that drive device 233 and stator 221 may have an integral structure or a separate structure. However, drive device 233 and stator 221 desirably have an integral structure in order to allow short wiring of drive device 233 to the armature coils and small wiring resistance.
75/80 [000150] Furthermore, when the gear factor of the brushless motor 219 is controlled, the efficiency of the motor, which is an example of the motor characteristics, including the drive device 233, increases as the factor increases gait. This is because the loss due to the drive device 233 increases as the travel factor is reduced. An example of the relationship between travel factors and the characteristics of the engine is shown in FIG. 27. In FIG. 27, the vertical axis represents the rotor axis rotation number and the motor efficiency, and the horizontal axis represents the rotor axis torque. In addition, in FIG. 27, gait represents the gait factor. Note in FIG.
that the solid lines represent each, a relationship between torque and the number of rotation and the dotted lines each represent a relationship between torque and efficiency.
[000151] In the brushless motor 219 of this embodiment, as a condition for switching between the first control and the second control, the operation of the wiper switch 237 can be used. When the amount of rain or the amount of snowfall is small, the driver can operate the wiper switch 237 to select a low speed cleaning mode to cause wiper arms 214 and 216 to operate at a predetermined low speed.
[000152] In contrast, when the amount of rain or the amount of snow is large, the driver can operate the
76/80 wiper switch 237 to select a high speed cleaning mode to make the wiper arms
214 and 216 operate at a higher speed than the low speed. The driver determines whether the amount of rain or the amount of snowfall is large or small, based on his personal point of view, and there is no objective criterion for distinguishing between a large amount and a small amount of rain or snow. As a prerequisite for switching between high speed cleaning mode and low speed cleaning mode with the wiper switch
237, the first control can be performed when the low speed cleaning mode is selected and the second control can be performed when the high speed cleaning mode is selected.
[000153] Furthermore, since the brushless motor
219 of this embodiment is not provided with a brush, a commutator, etc., friction torque due to the slip between a brush and a commutator does not occur, thus preventing a decrease in the efficiency of the motor and an increase in the temperature of the brush and avoiding the engine output restriction. In addition, in the brushless motor 219 of this embodiment, the occurrence of noise and the occurrence of operating sound due to the presence of the brush can be prevented, and silence can be ensured. Note that although the description of the embodiment described above is such that switching is
77/80 made between the first control and the second control based on the number of rotation, the torque, or the operating angle of the rotor shaft 222a, the rotor shaft 222a is an element configuring part of the rotor 222, and therefore Therefore, the same technical significance can be achieved if the rotor shaft
222a described in the above-described embodiment is replaced by rotor 222.
[000154] It is evident that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, it can be modified within a wide range without departing from the essence of the invention. For example, the cleaner apparatus includes the structure in which the rotor axis of the brushless motor is rotated in only one direction to cause the wiper arms to oscillate on a pivot axis. In addition, the wiper switch is not limited to the one operated by the driver's operation, and can be a detection switch that has a function to detect the amount of rain, the amount of snowfall, etc. With the structure described above, the speed control unit automatically starts the cleaning device based on the amount of rain, the amount of snowfall, etc., and performs the automatic switching control between the low speed cleaning mode. and high speed mode. In this case, the speed control unit stored data in advance, such as the amount of
78/80 rain, the amount of snowfall, etc., which serve as a reference for switching between low speed and high speed mode.
[000155] In addition, the vehicle speed sensor that detects a vehicle travel speed may not directly detect the vehicle travel speed, but it can detect information transmitted from the wiper blade to the wiper or information indirectly transmitted to the brushless motor, as well as the strength and condition of a surface to be cleaned.
Here, the resistance includes the resistance received by the wiper blade, due to the resistance to wind displacement and the resistance when the cleaning surface is cleaned, and the cleaning device detects the resistance, the state of the cleaning surface, etc., from of the wiper blade through the output shaft. In addition, the information indirectly transmitted to the brushless motor is to identify the information obtained from the resistance, the condition of the surface for cleaning, etc., as a travel speed of the vehicle, and is detected by being converted, in order to be detected by the drive device as a travel speed of the vehicle. In addition, the number of armature coils and the number of permanent magnets can be changed at will.
79/80 [000156] In addition, the wiper apparatus of the present invention includes one in which the wiper blade cleans the rear windshield. That is, the windshield on the wiper of the present invention includes a windshield and a rear windshield. In addition, the cleaning apparatus of the present invention includes the structure in which the outlet shaft provided coaxially with the worm wheel serves as a pivot shaft. In addition, the cleaning apparatus of the present invention includes the structure in which two wiper arms are individually driven by separate brushless motors.
[000157] In addition, the brushless motor of the present invention includes an internal rotor type brushless motor having the rotor located inside the stator or an external rotor type brushless motor with the rotor placed outside the stator. In addition, in addition to a wiper motor that operates a cleaning device, the brushless motor of the present invention includes, in a device of the convenient and comfortable type, provided in a vehicle, for example, an electric sliding door device, a sunroof device or an electric window device, a brushless motor provided to operate an operating member such as a door, roof, or windshield.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
80/80 [000158] The brushless motor is used as a driving source for a cleaning device or the like mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile. With the brushless motor driven to rotate, the wiper blade performs an alternating cleaning operation on the windshield surface, thus favorably maintaining the driver's field of vision or similar.
1/3

权利要求:
Claims (23)
[1]
1. Cleaning device (12) comprising:
a wiper blade for cleaning a windshield (11) of a vehicle (10);
a wiper arm (14, 16) to which the wiper blade is attached;
a brushless wiper motor (19) for swinging the wiper arm (14, 16); and a drive device for controlling the brushless wiper motor (19), wherein the brushless wiper motor (19) comprises: a stator (21) that has an armature coil (21a, 21b, 21c) for the which a current is supplied; a rotor (22) formed with an endless screw; the rotor (22) being rotated by a rotating magnetic field formed by the armature coil (21a, 21b, 21c); a worm wheel engaged with the worm screw; an output shaft that is rotated integrally with the worm wheel; and a housing in which the worm wheel is accommodated, the drive device comprises: an output shaft sensor to detect whether one or both of a rotation number and an absolute position of the output shaft; switching elements (30a) connected to the armature coil (21a, 21b, 21c); a control circuit that receives a detection signal from an output shaft sensor, and emits a drive signal to control the switching elements (30a), a PWM signal generation circuit to insert a signal into the circuit of control; and a unit
Petition 870170098947, of 12/18/2017, p. 29/33
[2]
2/3 speed number control (33) to control a rotor speed number (22) with at least two different control modes on the rotor speed number (22) with respect to each other, the switching elements , the control circuit, and the rotation number control unit (33) are mounted on a control board that is accommodated in the housing, when a first control mode is selected from among the control modes, the control unit of the rotation number (33) supplies the current to the armature coil (21a, 21b, 21c) at a predetermined energization time and controls a gear factor, indicating a switching element ON ratio (30a) to control the number of rotor rotation (22) and, when a second control mode is selected from among the control modes, the rotation number control unit (33) supplies the current to the armature coil (21a, 21b, 21c) in the advanced start-up time from the start-up time even to the first control mode, thereby performing field weakening control to weaken the rotating magnetic field formed by the armature coil (21a, 21b, 21c) in relation to a rotating magnetic field for the first control mode to control the number of rotor rotation (22);
the cleaning device (12) being characterized by the fact that the rotation number control unit (33) is adapted to selectively assume the control modes, based on the wind resistance that is applied to the cleaning blade while the vehicle (10 ) is in motion,
Petition 870170098947, of 12/18/2017, p. 30/33
[3]
3/3 cleaning resistance applied to the cleaning blade and a change in cleaning speed of the cleaning blade
resulting of both the resistances , in order to insert an velocity cleaning arm cleaner (14, 16) of device cleaner (12) next the target speed in cleaning. 2. Apparatus cleaner (12) , according The
claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a direction of rotation control unit that turns the rotor (22) back and forth when changing a direction of the current to be supplied to the armature coil (21a, 21b, 21c).
3. Cleaning device (12) according to claim 1, characterized in that a sensor magnet and a sensor of the rotation number are provided, the sensor magnet rotating integrally with the rotor (22), and the sensor of the rotation number by emitting a signal according to a change in a magnetic pole of the sensor magnet when the rotor (22) rotates, and when the field weakening control is performed, the rotation number control unit (33) controls the rotor rotation number (22) by detecting the rotor rotation number (22) based on a signal from the rotation number sensor, and the advance of the armature coil energization time (21a , 21b, 21c) through an electrical angle of 30 degrees.
Petition 870170098947, of 12/18/2017, p. 31/33
FIGURE 1
1/23
2/23
FIGURE 2
3/23
FIGURE 3
[4]
4/23
33 19
FIGURE 4
[5]
5/23
Rotation Speed [rpm]
Torque [Nm]
FIGURE 5
[6]
6/23
FIGURE 6
Low —-► High
Chain
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 8
113
[7]
7/23
[8]
8/23
FIGURE 9
[9]
9/23
FIGURE 10
[10]
10/23
133 119
FIGURE 11
[11]
11/23
Rotation Speed [rpm]
Torque [Nm]
FIGURE 12
217
214
224 226
FIGURE 13
213
[12]
12/23
[13]
13/23
FIGURE 14
[14]
14/23
FIGURE 15
[15]
15/23
233
219
FIGURE 16
[16]
16/23
FIGURE 17A
Positive
U-phase
Negative
Positive
Phase-V
Negative
Positive
W-phase
Negative
120 ° at ¹² °° t ks;1 60 °1 1 0 ° 180 ° 360 1 120 °----- 1 1 0 ° 180 ° 360 120 ° 1 1 1 0 ° 180 ° 360
120 ° + «
120 ° + ffi
FIGURE 17B
Positive
U-phase
Negative
Positive
Phase-V
Negative
Positive
W-phase
Negative
0 ° 30 °
180 °
360
Positive
U-phase
Negative
Positive
Phase-V
Negative
Positive
W-phase
Negative
FIGURE 17C
[17]
17/23
Speed
Low -►High Rotation
FIGURE 18
Rotation speed
Ύι
Ο <ο
Torque
[18]
18/23
Rotation speed
Ύι
Ο
Ι 3
Ι 3
FIGURE 21
Ύι
The c
l 3 o
Ο ό
ο
Z to
[19]
19/23 o
High Speed Cleaning
FIGURE 23A
Vehicle Speed [km] VláV <V2 V2 ^ V <V3 V3áV <V4 . . . Operating Angle Leading Angle Energization Angle Leading Angle Energization Angle Leading Angle Energization Angle Leading Angle Energization Angle 01 0mHl 0cHl 0mH4 0cH4 0mH7 0cH7 02 0mH2 0cH2 0 mH5 0cH5 0mH8 0cH8 03 0mH3 0cH3 0 mH6 0cH6 0mH9 0cH9 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[20]
20/23
FIGURE 23B
Low Speed Cleaning
Vehicle Speed [km] VláV <V2 V2 <V <V3 V3 <V <V4 . . . Operating Angle Leading Angle Energization Angle Leading Angle Energization Angle Leading Angle Energization Angle Leading Angle Angle ofEnergization 01 0mLl 0cLl 0mL4 0cL4 0mL7 0cL7 • 02 0 mL2 0cL2 0mL5 0cL5 0 mL8 0 cL8 • 03 0 mL3 0cL3 0 mL 0 cL6 0mL9 0cL9 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[21]
21/23
222b
FIGURE 24A
222b
222b
FIGURE 24B
[22]
22/23
FIGURE 26
[23]
23/23
- ♦ - 50% consumption - * - 50% consumption ♦ - 75% consumption - ♦ - 75% consumption ♦ - 100% consumption 100% consumption
Rotation Speed [rpm] Low High
Efficiency [%]
Low ♦ -► High
Torque [Nm]
FIGURE 27

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法律状态:
2017-10-31| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|

---

2017-12-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|

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2018-03-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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JP2012092882|2012-04-16|

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JP2012-092882|2012-04-16|

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JP2013-036019|2013-02-26|

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JP2013036019|2013-02-26|

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PCT/JP2013/061336|WO2013157558A1|2012-04-16|2013-04-16|Brushless motor and wiper device|

---